Neovascularization is the growth of new blood vessels in response to damage or disease. The issue with neovascularization is that these new vessels can leak or break, causing significant harm to the eyes and their function. Neovascularization can occur in various parts of the eye, including the retina, optic nerve, and iris. The growth of vessels is determined by factors such as the underlying cause of the disease.
Neovascularization in the Retina
In the retina, many blood vessels supply blood and nutrients to the eye. If these vessels become blocked, the eye will try to produce new vessels to meet the demand for blood supply. Neovascularization in the retina, termed “neovascularization elsewhere,” results in new blood vessels growing within the retina. This occurrence can be due to various retinal diseases, as well as vein obstructions and diabetes.
Neovascularization on the Optic Nerve
The optic nerve, which collects information from the eyes and sends it to the brain, has several blood vessels surrounding it. Suppose a particular region of the optic nerve is not receiving adequate blood supply. In that case, new vessels can grow around the optic nerve head, termed neovascularization of the optic disc or neovascularization of the optic nerve. This phenomenon is associated with an increased risk of blood vessel blockage due to some diseases such as diabetes and those that may cause emboli.
Iris Neovascularization
In the iris, the portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil, several blood vessels provide nutrients and blood to it. Neovascularization of the iris occurs when there are issues with blood flow, and the iris is deprived of adequate blood supply. This often occurs near the pupillary margin of the iris and may lead to visible redness or blood vessels in the front of the eye. Diabetes is a common cause of the neovascularization of the iris.
Risks to the Eye
Neovascularization in the eyes poses several risks, including the likelihood of the new vessels breaking and leaking. This can lead to complications such as scarring, retinal detachment, and glaucoma. The new blood vessels may block the eye fluid’s drainage, leading to increased pressure and damage to the optic nerve.
How to Treat Neo
Fortunately, neovascularization cases may be treated with anti-VEGF injections that help prevent the growth of new vessels, medication, and laser surgery. These treatments may differ depending on the severity of the neovascularization and the underlying condition that caused it. Treatments may include managing the underlying disease through medication or lifestyle changes, preventing neovascularization from spreading, and reducing the likelihood of vessel growth with appropriate medication.
Diagnosing Neovascularization
To diagnose neovascularization, an eye doctor will perform a comprehensive eye exam and provide further assessments to evaluate the health of the eyes and the entire body. It is advisable to work closely with your doctor to diagnose neovascularization as early as possible to initiate prompt and appropriate treatments. If not treated early, these growths can result in irreversible damage to the eyes leading to vision loss.
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